Articles of a treaty
made and concluded at the Font du Lac of Lake
Superior, this fifth day of August, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six,
between Lewis Cass and Thomas L. McKenney, Commissioners
on the part of the United States, and the Chippewa
Tribe of Indians.
WHEREAS a Treaty was concluded at Prairie du
Chien in August last, by which the war, which
has been so long carried on, to their mutual distress,
between the Chippewas and Sioux, was happily terminated
by the intervention of the United States; and
whereas, owing to
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the remote and dispersed situation of the Chippewas,
full deputations of their different bands did
not attend at Prairie du Chien, which circumstance,
from the loose nature of the Indian government,
would render the Treaty of doubtful obligation,
with respect to the bands not represented; and
whereas, at the request of the Chippewas Chiefs,
a stipulation was inserted in the Treaty of Prairie
du Chien, by which the United States agreed to
assemble the Chippewa Tribe upon Lake Superior
during the present year, in order to give full
effect to the said Treaty, to explain its stipulations
and to call upon the whole Chippewa tribe, assembled
at their general council fire, to give their formal
assent thereto, that the peace which has been
concluded may be rendered permanent, therefore—
ARTICLE 1.
The Chiefs and Warriors of the Chippewa Tribe
of Indians hereby fully assent to the Treaty concluded
in August last at Prairie du Chien, and engage
to observe and fulfil the stipulations thereof.
ARTICLE 2.
A deputation shall be sent by the Chippewas to
the Treaty to be held in 1827, at Green Bay, with
full power to arrange and fix the boundary line
between the Chippewas and the Winnebagoes and
Menomonees, which was left incomplete by the treaty
of Prairie du Chien, in consequence of the non-attendance
of some of the principal Menomonee Chiefs.
ARTICLE 3.
The Chippewa tribe grant to the government of
the United States the right to search for, and
carry away, any metals or minerals from any part
of their country. But this grant is not to affect
the title of the land, nor the existing jurisdiction
over it.
ARTICLE 4.
It being deemed important that the half-breeds,
scattered through this extensive country, should
be stimulated to exertion and improvement by the
possession of permanent property and fixed residences,
the Chippewa tribe, in consideration of the affection
they bear to these persons, and of the interest
which they feel in their welfare, grant to each
of the persons described in the schedule hereunto
annexed, being half-breeds and Chippewas by descent,
and it being understood that the schedule includes
all of this description who are attached to the
Government of the United States, six hundred and
forty acres of land, to be located, under the
direction of the President of the United States,
upon the islands and shore of the St. Mary’s river,
wherever good land enough for this purpose can
be found; and as soon as such locations are made,
the jurisdiction and soil thereof are hereby ceded.
It is the intention of the parties, that, where
circumstances will permit, the grants be surveyed
in the ancient French manner, bounding not less
than six arpens, nor more than ten, upon the river,
and running back for quantity; and that where
this cannot be done, such grants be surveyed in
any manner the President may direct. The locations
for Oshauguscoday wayqua and her descendents shall
be adjoining the lower part of the military reservation,
and upon the head of Sugar Island. The persons
to whom grants are made shall not have the privilege
of conveying the same, without the permission
of the President.
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ARTICLE 5.
In consideration of the poverty of the Chippewas,
and of the sterile nature of the country they
inhabit, unfit for cultivation, and almost destitute
of game, and as a proof of regard on the part
of the United States, it is agreed that an annuity
of two thousand dollars, in money or goods, as
the President may direct, shall be paid to the
tribe, at the Sault St. Marie. But this annuity
shall continue only during the pleasure of the
Congress of the United States.
ARTICLE 6.
With a view to the improvement of the Indian
youths, it is also agreed, that an annual sum
of one thousand dollars shall be appropriated
to the support of an establishment for their education,
to be located upon some part of the St. Mary’s
river, and the money to be expended under the
direction of the President; and for the accommodation
of such school, a section of land is hereby granted.
But the payment of the one thousand dollars stipulated
for in this article, is subject to the same limitation
described in the preceding article.
ARTICLE 7.
The necessity for the stipulations in the fourth,
fifth and sixth articles of this treaty could
be fully apparent, only from personal observation
of the condition, prospects, and wishes of the
Chippewas, and the Commissioners were therefore
not specifically instructed upon the subjects
therein referred to; but seeing the extreme poverty
of these wretched people, finding them almost
naked and starving, and ascertaining that many
perished during the last winter, from hunger and
cold, they were induced to insert these articles.
But it is expressly understood and agreed, that
the fourth, fifth and sixth articles, or either
of them, may be rejected by the President and
Senate, without affecting the validity of the
other articles of the treaty.
ARTICLE 8.
The Chippewa tribe of Indians fully acknowledge
the authority and jurisdiction of the United States,
and disclaim all connection with any foreign power,
solemnly promising to reject any messages, speeches,
or councils, incompatible with the interest of
the United States, and to communicate information
thereof to the proper agent, should any such be
delivered or sent to them.
ARTICLE 9.
This treaty, after the same shall be ratified
by the President and Senate of the United States,
shall be obligatory on the contracting parties.
Done at the Fond du Lac of lake Superior, in the
territory of Michigan, the day and year above
written, and of the independence of the United
States the fifty-first.
Lewis Cass,
Thos. L. McKenney,
St. Marys:
Shingauba Wassin, his x mark,
Shewaubeketoan, his x mark,
Wayishkee, his x mark,
Sheegud, his x mark.
River St. Croix:
Peezhickee, his x mark,
Noden, his x mark,
Nagwunabee, his x mark,
Kaubemappa, his x mark,
Chaucopee, his x mark,
Jaubeance, his x mark,
Ultauwau, his x mark,
Myeengunsheens, his x mark,
Moasomonee, his x mark,
Muckuday peenaas, his x mark,
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Sheeweetaugun, his x mark.
La Pointe:
Peexhickee, his x mark,
Keemeewun, his x mark,
Kaubuzoway, his x mark,
Wyauweenind, his x mark,
Peekwaukwotoansekay, his x mark.
Ottoway L:
Paybaumikoway, his x mark.
Lac de Flambeau:
Gitshee Waubeeshaans, his x mark,
Moazonee, his x mark,
Gitshee Migeezee, his x mark,
Mizhauquot, his x mark.
Ontonagon:
Keeshkeetowug, his x mark,
Peenaysee, his x mark,
Mautaugumee, his x mark,
Kweeweezaisish, his x mark.
Vermilion Lake:
Attickoans, his x mark,
Gyutsheeininee, his x mark,
Jaukway, his x mark,
Madwagkunageezhigwaab, his x mark,
Jaukogeezhigwaishkun, his x mark,
Neezboday, his x mark,
Nundocheeais, his x mark,
Ogeemaugeegid, his x mark,
Anneemeekees, his x mark.
Ontonagon:
Kauwaishkung, his x mark,
Mautaugumee, his x mark.
Snake River:
Waymittegoash, his x mark,
Iskquagwunaabee, his x mark,
Meegwunaus, his x mark.
Lac de Flambeau:
Pamoossay, his x mark,
Maytaukooseegay, his x mark.
Rainy Lake:
Aanubkumigishkunk, his x mark.
Sandy Lake:
Osaumemikee, his x mark,
Gitshee Waymirteegoost, his x mark.
Paashuninleel, his x mark,
Wauzhuskokok, his x mark,
Nitumogaubowee, his x mark,
Wattap, his x mark.
Fond du Lac:
Shingoop, his x mark,
Monetogeezisoans, his x mark,
Mongazid, his x mark.
Manetogeezhig, his x mark,
Ojauneemauson, his x mark,
Miskwautais, his x mark,
Naubunaygerzhig, his x mark,
Unnauwaubundaun, his x mark,
Pautaubay, his x mark,
Migeesee, his x mark.
Ontonagon:
Waubishkeepeenaas, his x mark,
Tweeshtweeshkeeway, his x mark,
Kundekund, his x mark,
Oguh bayaunuhquotwaybee, his x mark,
Paybaumausing, his x mark,
Keeshkeemun, his x mark.
River de Corbeau:
Maugugaubowie, his x mark,
Pudud, his x mark,
Naugdunosh, his x mark,
Ozhuskuckoen, his x mark,
Waubogee, his x mark,
Sawbanosh, his x mark,
Keewayden, his x mark,
Gitsheemeewininee, his x mark,
Wynunee, his x mark,
Obumaugeezhig, his x mark,
Payboumidgeewung, his x mark,
Maugeegaubou, his x mark,
Paybaumogeezhig, his x mark,
Kaubemappa, his x mark,
Waymittegoazhu, his x mark,
Oujupenaas, his x mark,
Madwayossin, his x mark.
In presence of—
A. Edwards, secretary to the commission,
E. Boardman, captain commanding detachment,
Henry R. Schoolcraft, United States Indian agent.
Z. Pitcher, assistant surgeon,
J. B. Kingsbury, lieutenant, Second Infantry,
E. A. Brush,
Daniel Dingley,
A. Morrison,
B. Champman,
Henry Connor,
W. A. Levake,
J. O. Lewis.
SUPPLEMENTARY ARTICLE.
As the Chippewas who committed the murder upon
four American citizens, in June, 1824, upon the
shores of Lake Pepin, are not present at this
council, but are far in the interior of the country,
so that they cannot be apprehended and delivered
to the proper authority before the commencement
of the next Summer; and, as the Commissioners
have been specially instructed to demand the surrender
of these persons, and to state to the Chippewa
tribe the consequence of suffering such a flagitious
outrage to go unpunished, it is agreed, that the
persons guilty of the beforementioned murder shall
be brought in, either to the Sault St. Marie,
or Green Bay, as early next summer as practicable,
and surrendered to the proper authority; and that,
in the mean time, all further measures on the
part of the United States, in relation to this
subject, shall be suspended.
Lewis Cass,
Thomas L. McKenney.
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Representing the bands to whom the persons guilty
of the murder belong, for themselves and the Chippewa
tribe:
Gitshee Meegeesee, his x mark,
Metaukoosegay, his x mark,
Ouskunzheema, his x mark,
Keenesteno, his x mark.
Witnesses:
A. Edwards, secretary to the commission,
E. Boardman, captain commanding detachment,
Henry R. Schoolcraft, United States Indian agent.
Henry Connor, interpreter.
Schedule referred to in the preceding Treaty.
To Oshauguscoday wagqua, wife of John Johnston,
Esq., to each of her children, and to each of
her grand children, one section.
To Saugemauqua, widow of the late John Baptiste
Cadotte, and to her children, Louison, Sophia,
Archangel, Edward, and Polly, one section each.
To Keneesequa, wife of Samuel Ashman, and to
each of her children, one section.
To Teegaushau, wife of Charles H. Oakes, and
to each of her children, one section.
To Thomas Shaw, son of Obimetunoqua, and to his
wife Mary, being also of Indian descent, each
one section.
To Fanny Levake, daughter of Meeshwauqua, and
to each of her children, one section.
To Obayshaunoquotoqua, wife of Francis Goolay,
Jr. one section.
To Omuckackeence, wife of John Holiday, and to
each of her children, one section.
To Obimegeezhigoqua, wife of Joseph Due Chene,
Jr. and to each of her children, one section.
To Monedoqua, wife of Charles Cloutier, one section.
To Susan Yarns, daughter of Odanbitogeezhigoqua,
one section.
To Henry Sayer and John Sayer, sons of Obemau
unoqua, each one section.
To each of the children of John Tanner, being
of Chippewa descent, one section.
To Wassidjeewunoqua, and to each of her children,
by George Johnston, one section.
To Michael Cadotte, senior, son of Equawaice,
one section.
To Equaysay way, wife of Michael Cadotte, senior,
and to each of her children living within the
United States, one section.
To each of the children of Charlotte Warren,
widow of the late Truman A. Warren, one section.
To Mary Chapman, daughter of Equameeg, and wife
of Bela Chapman, and to each of her children,
one section.
To Saganoshequa, wife of John H. Fairbanks, and
to each of her children, one section.
To Shaughunomonee, wife of William Morrison,
and to each of her children, one section.
To each of the children of the late Ingwaysuh,
wife of Joseph Coté, one section.
To each of the children of Angelique Coté,
late wife of Pierre Coté, one section.
To Pazhikwutoqua, wife of William Aitken, and
to each of her children, one section.
To Susan Davenport, grand daughter of Misquabunoqua,
and wife of Ambrose Davenport, and to each of
her children, one section.
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To Waubunequa, wife of Augustin Belanger, and
to each of her children, one section.
To Charlotte Louisa Morrison, wife of Allan Morrison,
and daughter of Manitowidjewung, and to each of
her children, one section.
To each of the children of Eustace Roussain,
by Shauwunaubunoqua, Wauwaussumoqua, and Payshaubunoqua,
one section.
To Isabella Dingley, wife of Daniel Dingley and
daughter of Pime geezhigoqua, and to each of her
children, one section.
To George Birkhead, being a Chippewa by descent,
one section.
To Susan Conner, wife of Thomas Conner, and daughter
of Pimegeezhigoqua, and to each of her children,
one section.
To the children of George Ermatinger, being of
Shawnee extraction, two sections collectively.
To Ossinahjeeunoqua, wife of Michael Cadotte,
Jr. and each of her children, one section.
To Minedemoeyah, wife of Pierre Duvernay, one
section.
To Ogeemaugeezhigoqua, wife of Basil Boileau,
one section.
To Kaukaubesheequa, wife of John Baptiste Corbeau,
one section.
To John Baptiste Du Chene, son of Pimegeizhigoqua,
one section.
To each of the children of Ugwudaushee, by the
late Truman A. Warren, one section.
To William Warren, son of Lyman M. Warren, and
Mary Cadotte, one section.
To Antoine, Joseph, Louis, Chalot, and Margaret
Charette, children of Equameeg, one section.
To the children of Francois Boutcher, by Waussequa,
each one section.
To Angelique Brabent, daughter of Waussegundum,
and wife of Alexis Brabent, one section.
To Odishqua, of Sault St. Marie, a Chippewa,
of unmixed blood, one section.
To Pamidjeewung, of Sault St. Marie, a Chippewa,
of unmixed blood, one section.
To Waybossinoqua, and John J. Wayishkee, children
of Wayishkee, each one section.
Lewis Cass,
Thos. L. McKenney.
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