Whereas
the various bands of the Pottowautomie Indians,
known as the Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pottowautomies,
the Pottowautomies of the Prairie the Pottowautomies
of the Wabash, and the Pottowautomies of Indiana,
have, subsequent to the year 1828, entered into
separate and distinct treaties with the United
States, by which they have been separated and
located in different countries, and difficulties
have arisen as to the proper distribution of the
stipulations under various treties, and being
the same people by kindred, by feeling, and by
language, and having, in former periods, lived
on and owned their lands in common; and being
desirous to unite in one common country, and again
become one people, and receive their annuities
and other benefits in common, and to abolish all
minor distinctions of bands by which they have
heretofore been divided, and are anxious to be
known only as the Pottowautomie Nation, thereby,
reinstating the national character: and
Whereas the United States are also anxious to
restore and concentrate said tribes to a state
so desirable and necessary for the happiness of
their people, as well as to enable the Government
to arrange and manage its intercourse with them:
Now, therefore, the United States and the said
Indians do hereby agree that said people shall
hereafter be known as a nation, to be called the
Pottowautomie Nation; and to the following
Articles of a treaty made and concluded at the
Agency on the Missouri River, near Council Bluffs,
on the fifth day of June, and at Pottawatomie
Creek, near the Osage River, south and west of
the State of Missouri, on the seventeenth day
of the same month, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and forty-six, between
T. P. Andrews. Thomas H. Harvey, and Gideon, C.
Matlock, Commissioners on the part of the United
States, on the one part, and the various bands
of the Pottowautomie, Chippewas, and Ottowas Indians
on the other part:
ARTICLE 1.
It is solemnly agreed that the peace and friendship
which so happily exist between the people of the
United States and the Pottowautomie Indians shall
continue forever; the said tribes of Indians giving
assurance, hereby, of fidelity and friendship
to the Government and people of the United States;
and the United States giving, at the same time,
promise of all proper care and parental protection.
[*558]
ARTICLE 2.
The said tribes of Indians hereby agree to sell
and cede, and do hereby sell and cede, to the
United States, all the lands to which they have
claim of any kind whatsoever, and especially the
tracts or parcels of lands ceded to them by the
treaty of Chicago, and subsequent thereto, and
now, in whole or in part, possessed by their people,
lying and being north of the river Missouri, and
embraced in the limits of the Territory of lowa;
and also all that tract of country lying and being
on or near the Osage River, and west of the State
of Missouri; it being understood that these cessions
are not to affect the title of said Indians to
any grants or reservations made to them by former
treaties.
ARTICLE 3.
In consideration of the foregoing cessions or
sales of land to the United States, it is agreed
to pay to said tribes of Indians the sum of eight
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, subject to
the conditions, deductions, and liabilities provided
for in the subsequent articles of this treaty.
ARTICLE 4.
The United States agree to grant to the said
united tribes of Indians possession and title
to a tract or parcel of land containing five hundred
and seventy-six thousand acres, being thirty miles
square, and being the eastern part of the lands
ceded to the United States by the Kansas tribe
or Indians, by treaty concluded on the 14th day
of January, and ratified on the 15th of April
of the present year, lying adjoining the Shawnees
on the south, and the Delawares and Shawnees on
the east, on both sides of the Kansas River, and
to guarantee the full and complete possession
of the same to the Pottowautomie Nation, parties
to this treaty, as their land and home forever;
for which they are to pay the United States the
sum of eighty-seven thousand dollars, to be deducted
from the gross sum promised to them in the 3d
article of this treaty.
ARTICLE 5.
The United States agree to pay said nation of
Indians, at the first annuity payment after the
ratification of this treaty, and after an appropriation
shall have been made by Congress, the sum of fifty
thousand dollars, out of the aggregate sum granted
in the third article of this treaty to enable
said Indians to arrange their affairs, and pay
their just debts, before leaving their present
homes; to pay for their improvements; to purchase
wagons, horses, and other means of transportation,
and pay individuals for the loss of property necessarily
sacrificed in moving to their new homes; said
sum to be paid, in open council, by the proper
agents of the United States, and in such just
proportions to each band as the President of the
United States may direct.
ARTICLE 6.
The said tribes of Indians agree to remove to
their new homes on the Kansas River, within two
years from the ratification of this treaty; and
further agree to set apart the sum of twenty thousand
dollars to the upper bands, (being ten dollars
per head,) and ten thousand dollars to the lower
bands, (being five dollars per head,) to pay the
actual expenses of removing; and the sum of forty
thousand dollars for all the bands, as subsistence
money, for the first twelve months after their
arrival at their new homes; to be paid to them
so soon as their arrival at their new homes is
made known to the Government, and convenient arrangements
can be made to pay the same between the parties
to this treaty; the aforesaid sums to be also
deducted from the aggregate sum granted by the
United States to said tribes of Indians by the
3d article of this treaty.
ARTICLE 7.
The balance of the said sum of eight hundred
fifty thousand dollars, after deducting the cost
of removal and subsistence, &c., it is agreed
shall remain with the United States, in trust
for said Indians, and an interest of five per
cent. annually paid thereon, commencing at the
expiration of one year after the removal of said
Indians, and continuing for thirty years, and
until the nation shall be reduced
[*559]
below one thousand souls. If, after the expiration
of thirty years, or any period thereafter, it
shall be ascertained that the nation is reduced
below that number, the said annuity shall thenceforth
be paid pro rata so long as they shall exist as
a separate and distinct nation, in proportion
as the present number shall bear to the number
then in existence.
ARTICLE 8.
It is agreed upon by the parties to this treaty
that, after the removal of the Pottowautomie Nation
to the Kansas country, the annual interest of
their “improvement fund” shall be paid out promptly
and fully, for their benefit at their new homes.
If, however, at any time thereafter, the President
of the United States shall be of opinion that
it would be advantageous to the Pottowautomie
Nation, and they should request the same to be
done, to pay them the interest of said money in
lieu of the employment of persons or purchase
of machines or implements, he is hereby authorized
to pay the same, or any part thereof, in money,
as their annuities are paid at the time of the
general payments of annuities. It is also agreed
that, after the expiration of two years from the
ratification of this treaty, the school-fund of
the Pottowautomies shall be expended entirely
in their own country, unless their people, in
council, should, at any time, express a desire
to have any part of the same expended in a different
manner.
ARTICLE 9.
It is agreed by the parties to this treaty that
the buildings occupied as a missionary establishment,
including twenty acres of land now under fence,
shall be reserved for the use of the Government
agency; also the houses used for blacksmith house
and shop shall be reserved for the use of the
Pottowautomie smith; but should the property cease
to be used for the aforementioned purposes, then
it shall revert to the use of the Pottowautomie
Nation.
ARTICLE 10.
It is agreed that hereafter there shall be paid
to the Pottowautomie Nation, annually, the sum
of three hundred dollars, in lieu of the two thousand
pounds of tobacco, fifteen hundred pounds of iron,
and three hundred and fifty pounds of steel, stipulated
to be paid to the Pottowautomies under the third
article of the treaty of September 20, 1828.
In testimony whereof, T. P. Andrews, Thomas H.
Harvey, and Gideon C. Matlock, aforesaid Commissioners,
and the Chiefs and Principal Men of the Pottowautomie,
Ottowa, and Chippewas tribes of Indians, have
set their hands, at the time and place first mentioned.
T. P. Andrews,
Th. H. Harvey,
G. C. Matlock,
Commissioners.
Mi-au-mise, (the Young Miami,)
Op-te-gee-shuck, (or Half Day,)
Wa-sow-o-uck, (or the Lightning,)
Kem-me-kas, (or Bead,)
Mi-quess, (or the Wampum,)
Wab-na-ne-me, or White Pigeon,
Na-no-no-uit, (or Like the Wind,)
Patt-co-shuck, junior,
Catte-nab-mee, (the Close observer,)
Wap-que-shuck, (or White Cedar,)
Sah-ken-na-ne-be,
Etwa-gee-shuck,
Saass-pucks-kum, (or Green Leaf,)
Ke-wa-ko-to, (Black Cloud Turning,)
Meek-sa-mack, (the Wampum,)
Chau-cose, (Little Crane,)
Co-shae-wais, (Tree Top,)
Patt-qui,
Me-shuk-to-no,
Ween-co,
Joseph Le Frambeau, Interpreter,
Pierre or Perish Le Clerk,
M. B. Beaubien, Interpreter,
Pes-co-unk, (Distant Thunder,)
Naut-wish-cum,
Ob-nob, (or He Looks Back,)
Pam-wa-mash-kuck,
Pacq-qui-pa-chee,
Ma-shaus, (the Cutter,)
Ci-co,
Puck-quon, (or the Rib,)
Sena-tche-wan, (or Switt Current,)
Shaub-poi-tuck, (the Man goes through,)
Wab-sai, (or White Skin,)
Shaum-num-teh, (or Medicine Man.)
Nah-o-sah, (the Walker,)
Keahh,
Ne-ah-we-quot, (the Four Faces,)
Wa-sash-kuck, (or the Grass Turner,)
Ke-ton-ne-co, (or the Kidneys,)
*Francois Bourbonnai,
*Chas. H. Beaubien,
*Shau-on-nees,
*Paskal Miller,
*Joseph Glaudeau,
*Joseph Laughton,
[*560]
Ca-ta-we-num, (the Black Dog,)
Sine-pe-num,
Chatt-tee, (the Pelican,)
Me-shik-ke-an,
Teh-cah-co, (Spotted Fawn,)
Ca-shaw-kee, (the Craw Fish,)
Shem-me-nah,
Nah-kee-shuck, (In the Air,)
Mich-e-wee-tah, (Bad Name,)
Patte-co-to,
Shau-bon-ni-agh,
Kah-bon-cagh,
Wock-quet.
Witnesses.
R. B. Mitchell, Indian sub-agent,
Richard Pearson,
A. G. Wilson,
S. W. Smith,
Edward Pore,
John H. Whitehead,
John Copeland,
T. D. S. McDonnell,
W. R. English,
S. E. Wicks,
Lewis Kennedy,
L. T. Tate.
(To the names of the Indians, except where there
is an asterisk, are added their marks.)
We, the undersigned, Chiefs and Head Men, and
Repesentatives of the Wabash, St. Joseph, and
Prairie bands of the Ottowa, Chippewas, and Pottowautomie
Indians, do hereby accept, ratify, and confirm
the foregoing articles of a treaty, in all particulars.
Done at Pottowau- tomie Creek, near the Osage
River, west and south of the State of Missouri,
this seventeenth day of June, A. D., 1846.
To-pen-e-be,
We-we-say,
Gah-gah-amo,
I-o-way,
Mah-go-quick,
Zhah-wee,
Louison,
Mash-kum-me,
Crane,
Esk-bug-ge,
Noa-ah-kye,
Abraham Burnet,
Ma-gis-gize,
Nas-wah-gay,
Pok-to,
Little Bird,
Shim-nah,
Ma-kda-wah,
Black Wolf,
Root,
Niena-kto,
Ma-je-sah,
Mah-suck,
Bade-je-zha,
Kah-shqua,
Little American,
Match-kay,
Wane-mage,
Wah-wah-suck 2d,
Black Bird,
Wah-wah-suck 1st,
Wab-mack, (Henry Clay,)
T-buck-ke,
Zah-gna,
N. D. Grover,
Big Snake,
En-ne-byah,
Jau-ge-mage,
Sin-be-nim,
No-clah-Koshig,
Os-me-at,
Wah-bah-koze,
I-o-wa 2d,
Wah-we-sueah,
Mowa,
Moses H. Scott,
Kah-kee,
Andrew Jackson,
Ke-sis,
Pame-qe-yah,
Peme-nuek,
Be-to-quah,
Mesha-de,
Wm. Hendricks,
Nma-quise,
Mas-co,
Peter Moose,
Kah-dot,
Za-k-ta,
Ah-bdah-sqa,
Wah-nuck-ke,
Wah-be-een-do,
At-yah-she,
Qua-qua-tah,
Nah-nim-muck-shuck,
Antoine,
No-zha-kum,
No-che-wa,
Ahn-quot,
*Jos. N. Bourassa,
Kka-mage,
*Jude W. Bourassa,
Bossman,
Joel Barrow.
(To the names of the Indians, except where there
is an asterisk, are added their marks.)
Witnesses.
Joseph Bertrand, Jr.,
R. W. Cummins, Indian Agent.
Leonidas A. Vaughan,
Robert Simerwell,
Thomas Hurlburt,
J. W. Polk,
J. Lykins,
M. H. Scott,
Washn. Bossman,
John T. Jones,
James A. Poage,
Joseph Clymer, Jr.,
W. W. Cleghorn,
|